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Pole Transformer Glossary
This Pole Transformer Glossary is not meant to be a complete list of terms you may encounter, but a helpful one encompassing the most often encountered ones in the field of transformers and pole transformers. Pole Transformer Glossary Basic Electrical Terms Ampere, amp or amps (A or I)- unit of measurement for current, the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit Volt (V)- unit of measurement for the force that pushes electrons through a circuit expressed in terms of 1A vs 1Ω Watt (W)- a measurement of power; the measure of capacity for overcoming resistance to change measured over a given distance during a given amount of time expressed in terms of 1VA Power (P)- the ability to do work (measured in watts); the capacity to create change over a given distance during a given amount of time Current (A)- a flow of electricity or rate of flow through a conductor; measured in amperes Conductor- a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat Electricity- a form of energy, caused by the behavior of electrons and protons (certain parts of an atomtheoretically the basic building block of matter), commonly spoken of when referring to the flow or potential flow through a conductor Kilo (k)- the metric term for 1,000 VA- the mathematical symbol designating the relationship between volts and amps that equals the power, or wattage of a power source; commonly seen in electrical references as kVA (since electrical systems deal in great magnitudes of power) Since power, or wattage of a source is generally fixed, it is to be expected that when volts raise amps will fall, and visa-versa. Resistance- the tendency of any conductor to resist change (currents or amperages) and inhibit flows of electrical power through a circuit made of this conductor; measured in OHMs Impedance- same as resistance OHM (Ω or R)- the unit of measure of electrical resistance expressed in terms of 1VA Inductance- the property of an electric conductor or circuit that causes an electromotive force (emf) to be generated by a change in the current flowing All transformers are dependant directly on this property to be able to function. Reactance- the tendency to inhibit the flow of electric current brought about by inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance) Capacitance- the property of a conductor allowing it to store a charge; this charge can influence the conductor's ability to pass a current when stored charges are present Frequency- the rate at which a changing current repeats itself in a wave pattern over a period usually measured per second; often measured in Hertz (Hz); refers to the number of times an AC current voltage will alter between positive and negative and back within a specific period of time In generators and power systems the most common occurrences are 50 or 60, also referred to as cycles.
Pole Transformer Glossary Basic Transformer Terms kVA- designates Kilovolt ampere; the output a transformer can achieve at a rated voltage and frequency without passing a specified rise in temperature Phase- classification of alternating current circuits referring to the fact that each phase is a flow created 1/3 of the distance around a rotating armature; their relationship being 0ْ or 120ْ Transformers are most often single-phase or three-phase; each phase being one of the three electrical currents produce in a generator constructed with three circuits 120 degrees apart and each producing a current. A transformer will generally have the same number of phases outgoing as ingoing. Single-phase is most often used for residential and small business, while three-phase is for industrial, shop and heavy equipment installations that use motors and other devices designed for and most efficient when operated on three phases. Primary Voltage- the voltage coming into the transformer; usually given in terms of a number value and vector Secondary Voltage- that voltage as passing downline from the transformer Vector- Though pole mounted transformers are usually single-phase, vector designations establish number of primary bushings and configurations possible in a three-phase bank. Example: 13200GY/7200 indicates a one-bushing primary, it is rated at 7620V and connections should be between one phase and the neutral of a 13200Y system. Windings (N)- number of complete turns of wire around a core, whether air or metal Bushing- an insulating liner in an opening through which conductors pass Single bushing primaries are used in residential areas for single phase systems; two bushing primaries are mostly for three phase banks of three single phase transformers ganged to result in three phase power. conventional refers to a standard two bushing primary; CSP (completely self-protected) refers to transformers that include a lightning arrestor, primary fuse and secondary circuit breaker. Taps, or Tap Changer- connections which allow fixed adjustment for low or high incoming voltage; transformers are often fitted with a variety of taps that allow them to be set up quickly for a given common set of incoming and outgoing voltages. Cooling Fluid- a fluid in which the transformer is immersed permanently and which protects it against moisture, corrosion, overheating and contaminations Mineral oil is commonly used, but other fire resistant or biodegradable fluids are available at a higher costs when desirable for a given installation.
The above wheel accounts for all the possible combinations of computations normally used in figuring the missing quantities from existing quantities when working with the basic elements of electrical power. The outer circle gives the two items to be computed to arrive at the item in the center circle. Therefore, the center circle actually represents the "equals" portion of a formula.
If you encounter any terms not included here, in this Pole Transformer Glossary, please look them up in one of the fine online or printed dictionaries. You may also ask one of our technicians to clarify anything you don't understand about the items you are asking about.
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